Distilling carbonaceous material



Jan. 8, 1929.

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6, 192212 shfifitfii-sheet 1,

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F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6. 192212 fiheets-Sheet, 3

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F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6. 192212 Sheets-Sheet 4 IJ J 7 SECTION gap 7x flfefli or:

1,698,347 F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBOIIIACEOUS MATERIALS Original FiledNov. 6. 922 12 Sheets$heet 5 Jan. 8, 1929.

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F. PUENING DISTILL ING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 OriginalFiled Nov. 6. 1922 SECTION C C Jan. 8, 1929. 1,698,347

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONAQEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov; 6 192212 heets-$heet 7 Jan. 8., 1929.

(yam! 7HNK ,UHEHURE T Nlf 1,698,347 F. PUENING DI STILLING CARBONACEOUSMATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6, 1922. l2 Sheets-:Sheet 8 RE w n/ 217mas m7 .samnm 4 I b Bi -J CUHREVT UN RIB LINE SULE/VUIU 2 Z .121: CHEWDFF Jan. 8, 1929. I 1,698,347

F. PUENING DI STILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6.1922 12 heets-Sheet 9 Jan. 8, 1929., 1,698,347

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6. 192212 Sheets-Sheet l0 SWITCH I SWITCH PHWL DRE/Z5 1mm Nam/1 11v Hmmva WALL,mew/1v; SWITCHES N- 7-3 6 7+9:- BRAREB SET-PUSHZR 'TRHWLS DLZWM Jan. 8,1929. 1,698,347

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed NOV. 6. 192212 Sheets-Sheet 1 P1151157? HEHCHE LUIJESTPLZG'ITIDN WHOM/VG SMYZHES' APUSHEE' THHVZLE Jan. 8, 1929. 1,698,347

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nbv. 6. 192213 Sheets-Sheet 12 BRAKES amsE-MqmmvE mflvzzs UNTIL PAWL Lumps mm NEXTNUTCH--HE[7EHT 7 Patented Jan. 8,

FRANZ PUENING, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

DISTILLING GARBONACEO'US MATERIAL.

Application filed November 6, 1922, Serial No. 599,1?7. Renewed January14, 1928.

This invention. relates to the art of distillino; carbonaceous material,such as bituminous coal, lignite, s iale, peat, or other carhonaceo smaterial which forms coke. [An object of the invention is to eiiect thedistillation of such carbonaceous material at low temperatures, inaccordance with the principle o't low temperature distillation disclosedin one embodiment in my prior application for Letters Patent of theUnited States, filed. February 11., 1922, Serial No. 535,790, and inanother embodiment in my prior application for Letters Patent of the lluited States, liled l eln-uary ll, 1922, Serial No. 535,791, by causingthe processional adance of masses of such material from a chargingstation to a 'scharging station and through a region ol distillation,while such masses are in contactwith preh ed walls oi. highheat-conductive capacit and successively forming and discharging suchmasses, and collecting the products of distillation.

In carrying out the distillation there are employed, as the medium toretlecting the trans *r of the distilling heat to the material to bedistilled, heating walls of a substance of high enough heat conductivityto eli'oct a rapid transfer of the distilling heat to the material, forerian'iple, bituminous cool. It is l rele1'ablc, however, to employmetal heating walls, iron. in any one of its several torms, being);especic ly suitable because of its great specific we its high heatconduct-i I its good wearing" qualities, its resistance to deteriorationwhen subjected to rapid tenn perature changes and the in uence oi hotgases, and lastly, ltiecause oi? its eh i The invention. however, is notlimited o the employment of iron as the material tor the heating walls.

'l 'hcse heating Walls are first exposed to the action 01* hot gases tostore in them the heat which is suhseipiently employed for etiecting thedi. illation of tire material. Any hot gases may be cuuoloyed, providedthat they are not of such. a nature to reiulily injure the heatingwalls. in any case, the temperature to which the heating Walls may beheated is limited by the resistance of the material of which they arecomposed to oi-tidize or be otherwise in'ipaireitl at high temperatures.lln case iron employed however, the Walls may be heated to a tempera.-

ture oi? about ldOO in an atmospl'iere of Well burned gases, Withoutunduly exposing the iron to deterioration.

l l ith iron heating Walls heated to a surface ten'iperature ot 14:00 E,distillation of the coal may he etlected by bringing the coal intodirect contact with such, previously heated walls. The coal to bedistilled may be either at ordinary atmospheric temperature, prior tothe time oi? contact with the heating Walls, or may be preheated, itdesired. At the moment of contact, coal. quickly absorbs the peak of theheat stored in the surface of the walls and in the portions ol suchwalls list below its sin-face. The particles ot' the coal in contactwith the heating Walls are thus rapidly heated, the heat pene tintinginto the interior of the coal. During the heating up stage, a dry skinof col-:e is formed on the coal, therel'iy permitting ready separationof the coal from the walls at the completion of the distillationoperation. As the heat transfer from the walls to the coal progresses,the flow of heat into the coal diniin'slus in rate, along with theapproach oi the coal and the heating walls into an etpiililtiriuni oftemperature. In order to avoid an impractical slowing up of the heattransfer, after the initial rapid heat absorption by the coal, theWeight of the heating Walls, with respect to the coal being distilled,regulated so that the storage capacity for heatof the Walls is in excessof the heatrcquired to bring the coal to the required linal tempo'ature. The linal temperature varies, of course, with different coalsand with the other materials available for treatn'ient by thedistillation process of the invention. For many of such materials, h uYer, a satisfactory final temperature is ap n'oxiniatcly a thousanddegrees F. and

the process of low ten'iperature distillation would be completed at thattemperature. It requires about 400 B. T. U. per pound of new terial, inorder to heat con'iinercial grades of bituminous coal to a finaltemperature of a thousand degrees F. In orderto attain such a finaltemperature, a maximum temperature drop ot the heating Walls from 1400F. to a thousand degrees F. is available. Between M00 F. and. a thousanddegrees F, iron, for example, has a specific heat oi" approximatelyO.le8. Therefore, (l lll0-l000) X 0.l-l8=59 B. T. U. are freed forabsorption by the coal, when one pound. of iron drops from 1400 F. to athousand degrees F. l.n asmuch as 400 B. T. U. are required for onepound of coal, e00 divided by 59 equals pounds of iron which arerequired to "furnish suilicient heat for elevating one pound or coal toa final temperature oil approximately 1000 F. In order to compensate 'lor the slowing down of the heat transfer, as above explainechitispreferable to employ approx} mately twice as much iron the theoreticalminimum, which would be approiiii'nately is; pounds of iron for eachpound. of coal to be distilled.

By preheating the coal or drying it before bringing the coal intoContact with the hot iron, the amount of heat required for thedistillation process may be materially reduced. This would permit theprocess to be carried on with a smaller quantity of iron. Even whenpreheating of the coal is employed, it is preferable to employ enoughiron in order that the heat available for distillation be about twicethe amount of the theoretical minimum.

The invention further consists in coking carbonaceous material by movingthe retorts or coking chambers progressively through a heating regionand then through a distillation and coking region, charging material tobe coked into the heated retorts, then causing said material to be cokedby the heat of the retort walls while passing through said cokingregion, then discharging the coked material from the said retorts, andrepeati said steps of heating, charging, coking a d discharging in acontinuous cycle. Preterably, the cycle of said steps are performedduring and by the movement of an endless series of coking retorts. Theprocess may be performed with intermittent movement of said retorts.

An important feature of my apparatus for carrying out the process isin'iproved automatic means for conveying the coking chambers for thepurpose of the alternate heating and coking operations, and for thecharging and discharging of the material.

. In addition to the general Objects recited above, the invention hasfor further objects such other ii'nprovements and advantages inoperation and results as may be found to obtain in the processes orapparatus hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, andshowing for purposes of exemplification. a preferred form and manner inwhich the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limitingthe claimed invention to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a central vertical longitudinal section of the principalparts of a coking furnace adapted for the performance of and embodying,the invention, certain of the parts being shown in elevation on line A-Aof Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, partly broken away to indicate theinterior construction 3 is a vertical sectional View showing thecharging means, on line EE of Fig. 52;

Fig. 4- is a similar View of the same on line p4) of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is vertical sectional view at the discharging station, on line BB of Fig. :2;

Fig. 6 is a similar section, on line CG oi F 2; I

Fig. 7 is a vertical section on line "l of Fig 2, showing the distillatesealing means at a point between the discharging station and the heatingchamber.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the arran gcment of the system ofactuating means for automatically controlling the charging anddischarging operations.

z'. 9 13 inclusive are diagrams illustrating the electric switchoperations when the machine is started with the pusher in the highestposition, with the brakes, which control the movementof the cokingchambers, released.

i l to 18 inclusive are diagrams illus trating the same, when thecontrollingpawl drops into its notch and throws the switches to set thebrakes and cause the pusher to travel down.

Figs. 19 to 23 inclusive are diagrams illustrating the s-- me, when thepusher reaches its lowest position and throws the switches which controlits own movement.

Figs. 2a to 28 inclusive are diagrams of the same, when the pusher hasreached its highest position and it has thrown the swit hes to cause therelease of the brak for the further movement of the coking chambers.

in its present embodiment, the invention is applied to the lowtemperature distillation oi bituminous coal, for produ 'iiig coherentcoke, such as is available for comestic heating purposes. Forconvenience, the ensuing description will be confined to thisapplication of the invention. T he novel features and im prorements ofthe invention are, however, applicable to the distillation oi othercarbonaceous material, for example, to any of the other materialshereinabove mentioned; hence, the scope of the invention is not confinedto the specific use and specific embodiment herein described as anillustrative er:- ample.

The turnace is divided into two Sections, a heating section and adistillation and coking section, by means of seals on the top, side andbottom of the coking chambers near the discharging station, and a sealon the side t the filling station, while material to be distilled doesor may form a seal at the top and lilu i ers 2, into which seal dipsring 16 fixed to t 1e supersivructure. By these uppe and lower iiquieseals the hot furnace gases by which ti e coking chambers are to beheated are kept iir mi pas?" 'e ii'rwzird beyond the heating (oi-:i'ngregions, or beyond the coking: chenihers;

it left hand side of Fig. 1 are show upper and iower ducts :2 and 4:3 twiiich furnace gr s which have been I to ten) pernti -re h 4h en'ou fl wupwerdiy or down "i'irdly thro coking; rece f ecles i. The coking re theleft hzrnd side of Fig. 1 are in the of the apparatus and are opei infor the tree passage Oi the u in co ct w the heat w 4 retorts at tlk:light hand in said figure e.-

region o t to L the coking region where the pre'viouslv heat the cool edretort walls give up their heat to winch has been charged into A30 undersaid coking or d st" r is ill'lLlDfPt a fixed plate G6 w c, esce 'ie oithe coal or coke from the bet (lisciiergi'ng station, aft which pointehe 66 reliniieitcs (Fig; The carrier 1 i he coking; cl 'bers and theircontiguous heatin Valle is operated by she motor eO, speed I l educeiwhich connected x h the motor "gentic clutch 1?, the shah :38, thepinthe gear wheel 36, the shaft, 3:), the

3'1, and the pinsh with; ii toothed The i'ori zont-el' planes ll 1injzi'd'e operative. 14 1 me when the pusher iivrg ng the coke from itchamber -ns ugpardly to its highest position whereu rn rod 5? movingwith the pushel and carrying a lever 58 causes said iever to close theelectric switch 2 (Fig. 9 ,the switch 1 having been closed by t-helever8'? as below QXplfllTlOCl), and causes the clu ch it to couole the motor40 with the speedreducer 'lhe carrier with its series of col'ingchambers l is now turned until said Clutch is released. This release isefi'ected prirnzrily b r pzi-i'vl 84k, which, as soon the next chamher 4containing coke-d materiel Tires under the pusher, drops'under theimpulse of aspring 86 into a no'ich 83' (Fi a The-weil's 4 are providedwith an endless circula seric' or these notches, one for e'a-ci'icoke-conteinin; space or retort so that each of said spaces isuccessively stopped at the pusher station. This in 'veiiient ofthe'pawl causes a. lever 8'? to more outwardly, and, among other iun'elionsthis movement of the lever ca is'es the opening of the switch 1 14a) andthe diseiuregeinent of the clutch 11.

* now come to rest but I "der the pistons e fie i for j nders L pl l ipipe 1" n: this ecii by rido a. time v to the pi e set cyiin-rlerscommunicate i the avi'inos olenoid is cl; y ener pmrpose by :1 sw

a" I (as seen in Fig; 17) by t1 movement or Lire lever r: v H. M L: U 7v v w 3'1 ih rein in set \N one the piisher movements. .lhese in renen'ts ere caused. by the piston and rod 0i "he pusher (1531". 425),said rod being z1IttChQi to the pusher (iiig. and pressure Fluid being;supplied ztbo ve sand piston by :1 en, liming an outlet e6, to depress tre 'nei below said piston y e pi pe d8, having in outlet- 43F, to re tpusher upward. Said 1" are cont-roll valves 53 which may be operited .Jyi s These levers are ned by a bar 51, having}; pin-:hid-sl'ot conieetions with the levers (Fig. an d the bar mo ed the 'igg ht (Viewingsaid figure) by e solenoic I and to she left by a solenoid 2". Thearrangement is such that each solenoid opens one of the outlet pipes 456or i? when it opens oe of the eorres ,onding inlet pipes 418 or Tloutlet pipes coinn'iuni' ate with a pipe 424i (Fig; leading to itn openwater T froiir which a ptin'ip P retu the the pressure tank T, whichsupii the hitter coininruiicze "he pusiiher being 'ie 1' having edvenced one step W chamber under the pusher brakes 25 having been set,dropped into a notch and re solenoid 2" is ene *gized rown (to the rightin Fig. to open the fluid presclose its outlet and ares-sure in pipe 45in coinwith thetop of the pusher cylin- SCGH r u -hew' awe 53in pipel-S'is'ciosed and valve 5 r1 pipe opened to permit the fluid re ii n ssui the cylinder 49 to drain to perin'it the downweid movement of thepiston; Thereupon th pusher dis'cherges the coke in said Cllilinbfil'.The coke is received in e chute or hopper 59 located in the lower per ofthe cokii region which is clo ed to the atni sphere by the seals 13 andSeid chute is provided with rotary dis-cl erger 60 fixed on' a shaft 61which pr vents the lever 87 to cape of the grar-ics resultingfrom the cking; operation. and which is turned by a sprocket B2 on said shaft andsuitable connections (not shown) to discharge the coke a point outsidethe appura u As soon as the pusher has reached its hottommost point itcan le retracted upward without dela i', and at this time the leveroperates the electric si itch. it whereupon solenoid il energised so tothrow the bar 51 to the position shown in Fig. 5, whereupon fluidpressure is admitted into the lower part of the pusher cylinder 4-9 andthe latter returned upward to the position shown in said figure. l lhenthe pusher is at said lower position it also throws the switch (i fromthe pCSll/hll'l shown in 1G to the position shown in 21 therebydeenergizine; the solenoid 52". When the pusher reaches hi ghost pointit throws the switches 2, S" and 10 thereby 24L, 2? and respectivelyenerg'uaing; the magnetic clutch and r leasing; the brakes for the nextadvancing step of the carrielj'.

The successive o; )erati.ons of the electric circuits 'ontrollcd by thesw t :hes may be reitul. l "follows, with especial reter- 9 to 28.inclusive When the pawl drops into a notch. it in ovcs .hrow thethree-way switches 1*. 3, 5", 7 and Switch. 1 breaks circuit to magneticclutch therel'iy disengaging; the motor. Pnvitch 3 breaks circuit tosolenoid 1 and switch 5 makes circuit to solenoid 2". Solenoid 2 opensand closes hyr raulic valves, relierinp; pressure on under side ofpusher pis ton and simply Kr pressure on top causing;

pusher to travel down. Switch 7 makes cirouit with solenoid 3 o ienin rginlet valve and closing outlet ralvc on brake cylinder, setting; thebrakes. and switch 9" breaks circuit to solenoid 4t (l iga 8). l Vhenpusher piston reaches lowest position, switches 4t and 6 are thrown,making a circuit with solenoid 1" and brerlzinp; circuit with solenoid9., thus reversing the pressure in pusher cylin der, and (:1 usingpusher to travel up. l i l'ien pusher reaches highest position, switches2, 8, and ill are tin-own, switch 8 breaks circuit to solenoid il andswitch 10 makes circuit to solenoid 4t reversing the valve to brakecylindcrs and releasing bralt The spring on top of; brake pistonvPilollllli' brake free ljaralte shoe on machine. Switch 2 closes thecircuit with i'nap ne ic clutcl again starting the ma chine to rotate.

The pusher is provided with a. rertieal guide casing: 54% which fastenedto the super struct by channel beams The pusher cyliiuloi -39 is ruuiported from the superstructure by channels The supporting plate (353which extends from the iilline station to the discharging; station underthe retorts 4 may be adjus; l vertically relative to the Ti surface 0..the to suitworking conditions. This plate is carried by supports 67(Fig. l) which are formed with slots 6? for that purpose.

At the under side of the carrier a gas seal 68 is provided as shown atthe lower part of Fig. 7. This 58 is pivotally mounted on e support (39-and is so wei 'hted as to gravie into sealing position, the undersurface if the carior traveling along the upward pressing upper part ofsaid seal, so that escape Of the gases at this point from the coking"region is prevented. On the top surface of the carrier a seal 70 bearsdownwardly thereon, this seal being inovably anchored at one edge on theframe 71, and the other end of the same resting by its own weight on thetop of the carrier. ln order to prevent any wedging ot' the carrier, andmaterial on the top surface of the latter, against this seal, theainrhorage of the same is loose so that the seal may so readily swungaround at its anchored l as well as rise at its free end. 72 is a thinvciblo and corrugated metal sheet which is clanipml to the seal 70 bythe bar 73, and at its upper end is clamped between the frame Tl and alayer 74 of insulating material, the latter being overlaid by the cover75 suitably attached to the tranie 71. It will be understood that theseals 68 and 70 extend in a radial direction across the annular carrier,for the full width of the some, and they operate to separate (as topassage oi? gas) the cokingregion from the receptaclehcating region.'lhere is also provided a side seal extending vertically along the outerperipheral surface oi the carrier, as best ween in Fig. 4. This sideseal is preferably formed of separate elements 76 pivotally connectedwith a vertical rod T9 the upper end oi the latter being hung from theunder side of the frame 78, by a i-head it? or other suitable means. Thesea l. sections 76 are pressed against the peripi'icry of the carrier bysprings 77 and sliding recs '2'? to maintain a close contact atthatpoint ii hori ioutal sectional View of this seal is shown in Fig. 2. itis or may be constructed like the seal 70 to yield outwardly at bothedges, the gases which might pass its loose rear edge are intercepted bya plate 7 similar to the plate 72. It will be understood that thedescribed gas seals may be applied at ach si to of the carrier where theheating; region adjoins the coking region. But loose coltin material onthe top oil the carrier and on the plate 66 may serve the purpose of thetop and bottom seals at the charging side of the carrier. The said seals68, TO and 76 and corr pending seals at the other side of the armorconstitute means for obstructing the passage of gases of distillatioi'ifrom the coking region and also conserve the heat of this region.

The superstructure of the furnace is shown at in Fig. 1 fr in whichdepend rods? vhich sustain the flat arch bricl of the furnace a electriccircuit by both 0 cover or top, so that sections of. said top may beIOHROVN; as may he required.

is a channel frame lin d in the Wall the furnace (Fig. 2) in which isfitted the inspection door 81 above referred Jo, which is filled withinsulating n aterial 82. The gas-es resulting t'roin the cokingoieration are taken a\ *ay from the coking region through the outlet- 88for any desired recovery trezitn'ient.

The elements at which are preheated and thereafter iin part their heatto the coking material are preferably constructed, as shown, to holdsaid material in relatively thin bodies so that the coking heat \Yiparted to said bodies iithe progress oi tliecarric t each ot .d bodies.ons on although procc smau 0i. morci'n ..t

It will dischai ii a The process is a co illflg' preferably h the -1trier and the in ai'is or p n-her conjoijntly coni hle parts oi the aparatns. For

insta'itc, a switch is thri- W n at certain position in the ER Ten'ientof the carrier, and an other switch is thrown at point in the incrementof the d hai i i leans, and it is only as a result of the i aliing ofthe t ti ese switches that the nest desired increment of the parts ah esplace.

The invention forth may b O the scope of the he rarionsly embodied ivclaims hereinafter mace.

I claim 1. The herein described process of coking carbonaceous rn'terial Which consists in co ing such mate L by moving coking;receptacles progressively through a heating region and coking region,in'iparting coking heat to said recoitacles in the heating region,charging material to he eolred into the heated recs cles, thencat-rising said. material to be cok d by the heat of sa l recepti cleswhile A ning; through said coking region, then dischanging the coszed maerial troni the said receptacles, and repeating said steps of heatcharcolii and discharging in a :le' sid stantially as specified.

n des trihed process a coking 1'? The he! ei carbonaceous material whichconsists in (Oliing; such material. by moving coking); recepfvely andwith ii'itcrniittcnco Ii'IUYQii'IQH L ell-rough a. heating region and acoking region, impartin coking heat to said receptacles in the heatingregion, charging materiel he cohed into the heated receptacles, thencausing said material to be colicc by the heat of said receptacles Whilepassing; through said coking region, then discharging the tolledmaterial. from the said receptacles, and repeating said steps ofheating, charging, coking and discharging in continuous cycle;substantially as specified.

3. The herein described process of coking carbonaceous material whichconsists in col ing such material by moving coking receptnclcs, hayingheating Walls and having spaces for containing thin bodies of materlal,prm rcssively through a heating region and a col-1mg region, impartingcoking heat to said walls in the heating" region, charging Y. i 1 1. 1material to be cohed into the llGZlLGLL receptacle the ceiisin sa dmaterial o becol e L. LL i U itul I a x, KILL by the heat ot said Wallswhile passing through said coking region, then dischargthe colielniaterial from the said rose .c.es, and repeating said steps otheeting,harging, coking and discharging i a continuous cycle; siiostantially asspecined.

4-. The herein described process of coking r carbonaceous material whichconsists in col:- ing such material h 1 i'i' o'ving an endless SL"1CSo't col-:ing receptacles progressively thro h a heating region ant acoking region, in'ipartnip; coking heat to said receptacles in i: 3 i iY 111g region, Chttlglllig instei ml to he cohec into the h iii-tedrecon tl e1 illSliJ- said lllllieliiil to be cokcd 01 s. moles Whilepassing through said colti then discharging the cohed nintci mi the saidreceptacles, and re eatin said 3 no and g in a continuous cycle; nbs 1*cilied.

1 steps of heating, charging, coki 1S SP 5 aihonaceous material which coisis ng such material by moving coking rece acres progressively througha heating region a coinng rcgwn, imparting coking heat d receptacles nthe heating region charging material to he cohed into the heate rece-acles, causing ina-eri-al to heel-zed by the heat of receptacles Wpassing through said coking region, and i if-ring gases from rdmaterial, conni' said from entrance into said hea a and discharging thecohcd natci trii n the said receptacles, and repeating steps of.heating, clarging, coking and charging in a continuous cycle;substantial as specified.

(J. in a. cilune' a pparal'iis, the zonihinalioii oi an endless series ol cok ng receptacles han inc; heating Wills, gas-containing means'l'oi'n insg heating reg-ion and a coking 'i'c ich parts (It the saidseries are lotrnn one to the other cl which. re i'cssii'ely move, inea'ioi' sup- 1 means tor-hung a. iltlli'liili' e the not said r l a thecombination receptacles theres-contain ng id at coking;

cated and from oneto the other which parts oi" said 'arrier may progre'vely move,

pl; heating gion, means eneratinggg said c Tlil' means for charging saidreceptacles L er they are hcate and hc ore the coking operation, andmeans tor illrKf l-ll 'jillg said recr acles after the coking operation;substantially as specilied,

o't -.ii ii(lless (:U'l a i c tlcles th reon having heating wallsforming relatively thin ClIZIIIJlJOIS, gascontaining ireans form ing aheating region ant i g'on in which parts oi. the car 'i :roiu one to theother of carrier may *n'ogressively inove, supplying heat to saidheating re -tor operating said :zzrrier intc means for charging saidreeeptacl are heated and hetero the coking operations and means fordischarging raid receptacles alter the coking operation; sialmtalitialiyas speci tied.

t). Zln a coking: appai'atuis the combination o'l an endl :arrier,coking receptacles thereon having heating walls forming relatively thinehr. nhcrs gas-containing n1c:.ns 'lorinine' a heating: region. andv acoking region in which parts 0% the carrier are located and from one tothe other of which parts of said carrier may n'ogl ressively n'love,means tor supplying heat to said heating regioin incans oostrucing thepassage oi gas from one o't mid I'( ons to the other, means toroperating sat-id carrier nieanr-s tor char; said reccptarles otter theyare heated ainl he'lore the eokii'igi opcratiom and meenr toriiieci'iarginp; said receptacles alter the coking operz'ition;razuhslanti ally as simcilicd.

in a coking; apparainix the combinat on. of an ei'ullesn carrier,cokingreceptacles thereon having heating Walls g aswontaining means lorming a heath g; region and a coking region inv which parts of thecarrier are located and from one to the other of which parts of said Ctrrier nay progressively inovc means for supplying heat to said heating;region, means tor operating said carrier, means M1 :a hstantiz v asspecified.

l2. in a coking apparatus, the coinhii'iation oi; an endle"arrier,coking reccptacleo thereni having l'ieating \valls forming re'ely K thin ehanihin's containing nice. iorningz; a heating region and.a coking re 'ion in which p: rts oi the arrier are locat d and from oneto the other ot. Wuich parts of said carrier may progressively move,means for supplying heat to said heating region means for operating saidcarrier, means for cl'iarginn said receptacles after they are heater andbefore the ioking o iei;'tion means tor diseliargiief said receptaclesalter the coking operatioin and devices controlling the operatii'igiii-cans of the *ar "ie" and dependent for their action on the positionof both the carrier and the discharging means; snhstantially asspecified. v

13. In a coking apparatus, the coin ination an endless carrier, cokingreceptacles thereon having heating Walls, gas-containing means forming aheating region and a coking; region in which parts of the carrier arelocated and from one to the oth r of which parts of said carrier mayprogressively move means for s1 nplying lead; to said heating; region,gas-ohm (ting means between the cokregion ran i the heating region,means for operznin g sail carrier, means for charging id receptaeles lter they are heated and he- .i ir the coking operation, means tor dis- 1.j said receptacles after the coking operation, and devices controllingthe operating means oi the carrier and (l ipei'iclcnt for their action.on the positions o'l both the ear 'icr a: d the discharging means;substantially a s specified.

i l. LA process oi? low temperature distillation of carhonaiconsinateria consisting in pref-he: ting heating walls enclosingtheinassotma terial by and in contact with the preheated \itili', causing); the'iroeessional advance of masses of such material from a charging);station to a disclnzrgp ing; station and through an envl r cil reg'iimoi distillation where the mass is sul'ijccteifl to (iiseillation \vhilisaid masses are enclosed by and in conthet with preheated walls andsuccessively forming, and lhichar inp said nn sses, and collecting q F rthe gaseous products; substantially as speeilied.

15. A pi )eess oil: low ten'ipi-a'ature distillaoi? cerhonaeeonaniateriah consisting in prehcati in; l a -ralls enelosingthcmassoitmaterial by and in contact with the preheated walls, causing: theprocessional advance of vertical relati ely thin masses of such.inatetie .ation. and devices rial troni a cha 'ging station todischaro'ine;

(D u station and through an enclosed reg on of cistillation Where themass is subjected tillation, While said masses are enclosed and incontact with ire it 1 I ll siicepsivel g iTOJ'll'llllg and masses andcollecting the gaseous 1, substantially specified.

16. In a rokin appsrati'is. the combina- "ier, coking receptacles tionof an endless c; thereon harms; heating Walls fornnng (b8111- bers g); aheat- I 0 mg region a colony; parts of the carrier are loci.

to the other i 1T 791 y in:

progr veg ies. to 821K]. heating region e per-sting said arr1er. meanstor charv 1110' tacles after they are he: i

the coking; operation, mean said receptacles 1 th and devices wherebychargino means 5: it L Li car ier i substantial y spici ed,

1'7. In a coking pparatus, the Cfill'lblllullOn of an endless carriercok ng lQffQP'tfiClGS thereon having heatine' Walls torinino'relativeifi.

K) \3 C) J thin. chan Jers gas-contain means forms ion an a distillingregion in re ca; "er are located and ii in a hes-tn which pafroi one*her of which parts or" said carr er may progressively move means forpassing; heated n said distilling; region directly through and betweeisaid Walls means for operating; said caTier, means tor charging saideceptacles after they heater before 1e distil log; operatir 1,

means for discharo'. the distilling; op matically controlling the partsoi": the apparatus: fled.

18. In a coking; apparatus, tl e combination of an endless." carrier,coking receptacles thereon having heating) Walls forming rel: tivelythin ch :ont-aining means tori iing a hea on and distilling re- 1 iecarrier are located 9 said receptacles a devices axe J l 1 31120919; gas4 a. {Gill}, 1%

grion in which arts o and from one to the other of Which. parts of saidca *ricr may proe ssively move, means heated cases in s: id distillino'rco'ion n} \D ,t through said chamber means for operating: said carrier.means for said receptacles after they are. heated and before thedistilling; operation. means for (llSCllillQf inn; said receptaclesotter the distilhng opei operated by said carrier and bv said discharlne means h automatrs L, icall Y cont-r llinQ the movements the parts 5c, L of the a )aratus' suhstantiall T specified.

19. In a coking apparatus, the coznbmat on at en dless carrier, coking;receptacles t-l ereon having heating Wells forming chambers,gas-containing means tornnng a heatlng region and a coking; region inwhich parts of the carrier located and from one to the i f? oit whichparts of said carrier may pro- 5 cssively more means for supplying heatto said hes-ting r for operating said 'ier. inean 'harging saidreceptacles 7, are h .iettore the coking means f r dis-ch arging saidreafter the coking operation and or closing the bottoms of saidchamcokinrg' region and leaving them the the heating region;substantially as cokinp' apparatus, the combination r colrin igreceptacles therei Walls forming chambers, aiming means iJlllllllg aheating reregrion in which parts of the 1d one from one to the other'"..h parts or said carrier may progress- J! H N 1 the sale regions,means ,3 after they the e Fi ling operatlon, r9 said receptacles f. ton; substantially as specifiec.

E21. .e herein described process of coking 1 ratel which consists incok- I h oving spaced heating pi. ongh a heating region 11 colllng regon, imparting *alls in the heating r to be cohed between causing saidmaterial to be "i said walls While passing fen. and then disterial frombetwee.

is in coksuch ma lers. by moving spaced heating iv and withihtermittsnce h a hes-tins region and then through a colriir on. in parti;

i110; region.

inc; heat to send. W lli-Q 1n the ,z 1

h is 'gi'ng .ii'mterial to be colroo between the in .ifa d material tobe cohed wh' e passing and then disn between iied.

or LllG throi g'h ion 7 high r n iii no: means torma coking region infiler are located and l for move- Light relation by means and. be-

